福建寿宁县兽害猖獗的成因及对策初探

1998～2006年,以寿宁县为调查对象,运用机械抽样法调查样带69条,运用访问调查法调查猎户农户100余户,运用点面互换法调查全县范围内农田作物受害程度。结果表明,全县近半数的村,15%的耕地存在兽害,99%的兽害及其损失源于野猪的活动。分析表明,兽害的成因有种群爆发、物种灭绝和生态系统衰败诸多因素,而人为干扰是各种现象的起因。最后提出治理山区兽害的对策,尤其应加强生态系统恢复和自然保护区建设。     

不同施肥处理对西南桦幼林生长影响研究

通过设计N、P、K、NP、NK、KP、NPK 和CK肥等8个施肥处理,重复3次,进行不同肥料对西南桦幼林树高和胸径生长影响试验,通过单因素方差分析和多种比较结果表明:施肥能促进幼林的生长和发育,以NP肥促进作用最大;不同施肥处理高生长和胸径生长差异显著;幼树生长基本趋势是随林龄增长生长逐渐加快;西南桦生长与当地气候关系密切.     

赤霉酸对3种针叶树幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

研究了用浓度分别为0，10，50，100，500mg／L的赤霉酸（GA3）溶液浸种对3种针叶树幼苗生长和一些生理指标的影响。试验结果表明，GA3能促进樟子松、鱼鳞云杉、红皮云杉幼苗的生长，株高（PH）、根系体积（RV）和干物质积累（DW）明显增加。同时，GA3能调节3种针叶树幼苗的代谢，提高脱氢酶（阴G）和硝酸还原酶（NR）的活性，增加可溶性糖（SS）、可溶性蛋白（SP）、自由氨基酸（FAA）的含量。GA3最适宜的处理浓度是50—1130ms／L的水溶液。     

Trees and windbreaks in the Sahel: establishment,growth, nutritive,and calorific values

Tree and windbreak species considered for the Southern Sahelian Zone (SSZ) of West Africa have to be evaluated following multiple criteria such as fast establishment, shelter efficiency, production of feed for livestock, and firewood. An on-station experiment was conducted on a sandy soil in southwest Niger between 1988 and 1993 to assess the establishment, growth, nutritive, and calorific values of seven species considered for windbreaks:Andropogon gayanus, Bauhinia rufescens, Acacia holosericea, Acacia nilotica, Acacia senegal, Faidherbia albida, andAzadirachta indica. Mortality and stem diameter were monitored twice a year. From 20 months after planting (MAP) onwards, species were annually trimmed to 2 m height and to 1 m sidewards of the main stem. Fresh and dry weight of leaves, twigs, wood, and fruits were recorded. Leaves were analyzed for crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (ME) content. Wood was analyzed for its gross calorific value and its ash content. At 56 MAP, all species had less than 5% morality, except forA. holosericea, which had a mortality rate of 15.9%.A. indica andA. holosericea showed the highest stem diameter among species with 12.2 and 11.8 cm, respectively, at 56 MAP.A. senegal had the highest dry matter production with 22.3 t ha^–1 at 56 MAP, followed byA. indica (12.0 t ha^–1),A. holosericea (11.7 t ha^–1) andB. rufescens (11.2 t ha^–1), butA. holosericea was most productive at earlier harvests. OnlyA. senegal (6.4 t ha^–1) andA. indica (5.1 t ha^–1) had a significant wood production, whereasA. holosericea (5.7 t ha^–1) had the highest phyllodes production. Leaves ofA. senegal andA. indica had highest CP contents of 258 and 214 g kg^–1, respectively. The leaves of all species exceptA. gayanus had a higher CP:ME ratio than natural pasture in the region. The calorific values of firewood did not differ significantly among the species.A. nilotica, the species with one of the lowest firewood production, had the highest Fuelwood Value Index of 6.6. The choice of species for planting trees and windbreaks in the SSZ must be oriented along these criteria. Further research should be directed towards cost-benefit analyses, land tenure and property rights in combination with surveys on local knowledge of rural people.     

木麻黄优良无性系在山地引种栽培试验

通过福建中部山地引种木麻黄造林试验,5 a的研究结果表明:木麻黄无性系与实生苗造林保存率都较高,分别达到98.15%和96.8%,差异不显著。试验还表明,采用木麻黄无性系造林,其树高、胸径、材积的生长明显优于木麻黄实生苗的生长速度。前者比后者三项主要指标的生长量增加25.0%、26.5%和94.2%,差异较为显著。采用木麻黄优良无性系造林,其林木干型通直、冠幅大、林相整齐;应用实生苗造林,个体分化较大、生长参差不齐。     

雨豆树播种前预处理对种子发芽和种苗发育的影响

播种前对雨豆树(Albizia saman (Jacq.) F. Muell.)的种子进行了5 种预先处理,研究种子预先处理对种子发芽和苗圃种苗发育的影响。实验是在孟加拉吉大港大学林业与环境研究所的苗圃进行。研究结果表明,在种子末端修剪(处理4)提高种子发芽率50%,在冷水中浸泡24 小时(处理1)提高种子发芽率42%,在开水中浸30 秒后再在冷水中浸泡24 小时(处理2),种子发芽完全被抑制。处理4 和处理1 的种子发芽率、种苗初期形态生长和生物量都明显高于对照组。因此,这2 种播种前的种子预处理方法,可用于提高雨豆树种子发芽率和促进早期壮苗生长。图2 表3 参30。     

细柄阿丁枫人工混交林生长过程的研究

对华口16年生和二重山35年生细柄阿丁枫人工混交状态下生长过程的研究表明:由于树种组成、林分密度和树龄不同,两地细柄阿丁枫的生长过程有差异,但均表现出生长潜力大的特点。二重山由于长期受林分密度过大的影响,林木营养空间不足,长的细高,高径比失调,其胸径和材积连年、平均生长量小于华口,华口细柄阿丁枫早期速生特征明显。华口16年生和二重山35年生的细柄阿丁枫材积连年生长量与平均生长量尚未相交,说明具有培育大径材的潜力。     

短角幽天牛成虫林间种群动态的监测研究

以安徽省黄山风景名胜区等为试验基地,应用蛀干类害虫引诱剂,系统地研究了短角幽天牛成虫林间种群分布和种群动态规律.研究结果表明:短角幽天牛种群最高可分布于海拔1 700 m高山,高密度的分布区为海拔300m以下的低山马尾松地区;林间活动期长达150 d以上,具两个明显的峰期,主峰期为6月上、中旬,次峰期为9月.林间诱获的短角幽天牛成虫种群个体雌、雄性比为1.0:1.4.     

杜仲生长节律与施肥技术简报

杜仲高生长以4－7月份生长最快，6月份达最高峰；径生长以5－7月为旺盛期，其中6、9月各有一次生长高峰；杜仲林地施肥以4－5月为最佳；施肥量为一个区间，且因树龄而异；施肥按坡台地和平地进行沟施和穴施。     

The biochemical control of the cell cycle by growth regulators in higher plants

The cell cycle is an important research field in cell biology and it is genetically and developmentally regulated in animals and plants. The aim of this study was to review knowledge about the biochemical regulation of the cell cycle by plant growth regulators through molecular checkpoints that regulate the transition from G0-G1-S-phase and G2-M in higher plants.Recent research has shown that zeatin treatment led to the up-regulation of CycD3 in Arabidopsis. Benzyladenine treatment can also shorten the duration of S-phase through recruitment of latent origins of DNA replication. Kinetin is involved in the phosphoregulation of the G2-M checkpoint; the major cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) at this checkpoint has recently shown to be dephosphorylated as a result of cytokinin treatment, an effect that can also be mimicked by the fission yeast Cdc25 phosphatase. Gibberellic acid (GA) treatment induces internode elongation in deepwater rice, this response is mediated by a GA-induced up-regulation of a cyclin-Cdk at the G2-M checkpoint. Recent evidence has also linked abscisic acid to a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. A new D-type cyclin, recently discovered in Arabidopsis may have a key role in this process. A brief review on plant growth regulator-cell cycle interfacing during development and a cytokinin-induced continuum of cell cycle activation through the up-regulation of a plant D-type cyclin at the G1 checkpoint and the phosphoregulation of the Cdk at the G2/M checkpoint had been concluded. This review could be valuable to research on cell and developmental biology in plants.